一株产絮凝剂无花果沙雷氏菌的条件优化

从土壤中筛选得到了1株絮凝效果较好的微生物絮凝剂产生菌——无花果沙雷氏菌,其产生的絮凝剂对高岭土悬液的絮凝活性达94．1％．对该菌株进行了培养条件的优化．实验表明该菌株生产絮凝剂的适宜碳源为乳糖,氮源为酵母膏和尿素,pH为6．0～8．0,无机盐为0．2％的K2HPO4和0．5％的KH2PO4,接种量为1．0％,培养时间为3d,条件优化后絮凝活性达到96．0％．     

Mode of action for inorganic arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis

Inorganic arsenic(iAs) at high doses is a known human carcinogen, inducing tumors of the skin,urinary bladder, and lung. It is also associated with noncancer toxicities. An understanding of the mode of action(MOA) for arsenic-induced effects is needed to develop a scientifically-based risk assessment. To determine an MOA for iAs induced toxicities, it is necessary to understand the metabolism, kinetics, cell transport, and interaction with specific proteins of iAs. Based on in vitro investigations using animal and human cells, studies from animal models,and clinical and epidemiological studies, we have proposed an MOA involving formation of sufficient levels of reactive trivalent metabolites which interact with critical free sulfhydryl groups, leading to cytotoxicity and regenerative cell proliferation. There is a strong correlation between in vitro cytotoxicity([0.1 lmol/L trivalent arsenicals) and the no effect levels in rodents [approximately 1 ppm(1 ppm = 1 mg/L) of water or diet]. In epithelial target tissues, the cytotoxic effects of iAs result in chronic precursor lesions which have the potential for an increased risk of developing cancer. In non-epithelial tissues, noncancer toxicities such as hypertension and atherosclerosis develop. This MOA implies a non-linear, threshold dose–response relationship for both non-cancer and cancer end points of exposure to iAs.     

d-Ribosylated Tau forms globular aggregates with high cytotoxicity

Although the glycation of Tau that is involved in paired helical filament formation in Alzheimer’s disease has been widely studied, little attention has been paid to the role of d-ribose in the glycation of Tau. Here, we show that Tau is rapidly glycated in the presence of d-ribose, resulting in oligomerization and polymerization. Glycated derivatives appeared after 24 h incubation. Western blotting indicated the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) during initial stages of glycation. Thioflavin T-positive (ThT-positive) aggregations that appeared from day 4 indicated the globular-like features. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the surface morphology of ribosylated Tau40 was globular-like. Kinetic studies suggested that d-ribosylated Tau is slowly oligomerized and rapidly polymerized with ThT-positive features. Moreover, d-ribosylated Tau aggregates were highly toxic to SHSY5Y cells and resulted in both apoptosis and necrosis. This work has demonstrated that d-ribose reacted with Tau protein rapidly, producing ThT-positive aggregations which had high cytotoxicity. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine: A non-cytotoxic hypomethylating agent

The cytotoxic effect caused by the hypomethylating agent S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) was compared with that of two drugs commonly used to induce DNA hypomethylation, 5-azacytidine and 5-aza-2-deocycytidine. Two in vitro cytotoxicity tests, the tetrazolium MTT assay and the intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity test, suggest that SAH induces hypomethylation without causing any cytotoxic effect. We propose the use of SAH as a non-cytotoxic agent which may be more suitable for inducing experimental DNA hypomethylation.     

MALDI-TOF MS对草莓中铜绿假单胞菌和黏质沙雷氏菌的检测

为了评价基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱法(MALDI-TOF MS)在草莓微生物风险监测的应用价值,确定草莓的危害识别微生物及其特征,采用选择性培养方法对50份草莓样品中铜绿假单胞菌和黏质沙雷氏菌进行分离,MALDI-TOF MS对分离微生物进行鉴定,应用SARAMIS Premium软件对这2种食物感梁性病原微生物的蛋白质图谱进行分析和加权修正。结果表明,铜绿假单胞菌在草莓中的检出率为18%,黏质沙雷氏菌检出率为20%,实验获得草莓中分离铜绿假单胞菌完全拟合特征峰12组,标识峰聚类分析结果表明,分离铜绿假单胞菌差异较大;获得草莓分离黏质沙雷氏菌完全拟合特征峰有8组,标识峰加权聚类分析结果可认定分离的2株黏质沙雷氏菌同源。MALDI-TOF MS方法可标识草莓分离微生物的蛋白质特异性特征,且对微生物的溯源及特异性分析有一定优势,表明其在农产品复杂微生物环境中具有应用潜力。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of pyrrhotite (Fex-1S) nanoplates and their antibacterial, cytotoxic activity study

The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize Fe_(x-1)S 2D-nanostructures with pyrrhotite phase,as well as to explore their biological(antibacterial and cytotoxic)properties,namely the expression of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the exposure of cells and bacteria.Based on hydrothermal synthesis,the characterization of asprepared 2D-nanostructures was performed by XRD,SEM,EDS,and TEM,in which the single-crystalline pyrrhotite phased Fe_(x-1)S nanoplate morphology was observed.The antibacterial activities of Fe_(x-1)S nanoplates against human pathogenic strains such as Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,and Enterococcus faecalis were tested.Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)were determined following the broth microdilution method.Cytotoxicity and expression of intracellular ROS of pyrrhotite nanoplates on Human Gingival Fibroblast(HGF),Human Pulp Cells(HPC)and Human Osteoblast(HBC)were calculated.Cell viability was determined by the MTT method.All experiments were performed of three independent experiments and data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests,also Pearson′s Correlation was performed.The nanoplates exhibited good bactericidal effect.All types of cells tested showed slight cytotoxicity.It was found that intracellular ROS is produced when cells and bacteria tested are exposed to pyrrhotite nanoplates in presence of both air and peroxide hydrogen.ROS production levels were higher in the bacteria than the cells exposed to these nanoplates.     

柚皮苷半合成N-苯亚甲基柚皮素腙及细胞活性

从丰富易得的柚皮苷(Naringin)1出发,通过酸水解得到了柚皮素2.以柚皮素为先导化合物,通过4-位羰基与水合肼作用合成了中间体柚皮素腙3,进而与各种不同类型的醛缩合,合成了14个新型N-苯亚甲基柚皮素腙及类似物(4a~4n).MTT蛋白染色法体外抑制肿瘤增值活性测试显示化合物4c、4d、4h、4j、4n对胃癌细胞SGC-7901有一定的抑制作用.     

In fl uence of the extraction parameters on the cytotoxicity test results of Mg materials

Recently more and more researchers query the predictability of cytotoxicity results of biomedical Mg alloys obtained according to ISO 10993 due to significant difference between in vitro and in vivo corrosion. This study aimed to observe the influence of different extraction parameters(time, volume/surface ratio and medium composition) on cytotoxicity results and illustrate whether more predictable results could be obtained by adjusting the extraction parameters. The results showed that longer extraction time and smaller extraction volume/surface ratio improve the sensitivity of screening Mg materials by making inferior Mg materials release relatively more ions to the extract; and more predictable results could not be obtained by the way of simply adding bovine serum albumin(BSA) into the extraction medium to the same level in vivo or simply using fetal bovine serum(FBS) directly as extraction medium, since BSA and FBS accelerated the corrosion of Mg materials during extraction and they affected the cells’ health states during the test. In order to get more predictable results, in our opinions, it is necessary to establish a database of primary cells’ hazards(metal ions, p H and H2gas) tolerance and a set of in vitro corrosion test with high similarity in vivo, which is very difficult to realize now however.     

小叶女贞叶片提取物药用活性研究

对小叶女贞叶片提取物进行体外抗菌、细胞毒性以及抗氧化药用活性研究,结果表明,小叶女贞叶片提取物对铜绿假单胞菌PAO1具有较强的抑制作用,最小抑制浓度(MIC)为8.0 mg/mL;对人肝癌细胞BEL-7404体外增殖具有显著的抑制作用,浓度在0.6 mg/mL时,抑制率达94.2％;同时具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力,浓度为15.1 μg/mL时,清除率为85.9％.活性跟踪测试表明,小叶女贞叶片提取物干柱层析得到的各组分中,低极性组分Fr.1为活性部分.     

Possibility of using strain F9（Serratia marcescens） as a bio-collector for hematite flotation

In this study, we characterized strain F9 and evaluated the interaction between strain F9 and hematite by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry（FTIR）, zeta potential, flotation, and other methods. The results showed that strain F9 belongs to Serratia marcescens. This brevibacterium had CH2, CH3, and hydroxyl groups on its cell wall, which imparted a strong hydrophobic and negative charge. Adsorption of strain F9 reduced the zeta potential of the hematite surface and increased the hydrophobicity of the hematite surface, thereby generating hydrophobic hematite agglomerates. At least four groups on strain F9 interacted with the hematite surface, which contributed to chemical interactions of carboxylic groups and hydrophobic association among hydrophobic hematite particles. The possible use of strain F9 as a bio-collector for hematite flotation was proved.